Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an increasing threat to human and animal health. The use of antibiotics is a major driver of the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria.
This is particularly problematic in livestock farming, where animals can act as a reservoir for resistant bacteria that can be transmitted to humans. For this reason, certain classes of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, have been severely restricted in veterinary medicine. Nevertheless, recent studies show that resistant bacteria can persist on livestock farms even without the use of these drugs.
To investigate this phenomenon further, the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI) examined Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria resistant to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. The samples were taken from pig farms in Thuringia that use a closed management system, whereby they take in as few germs from outside as possible to minimise external influences.
Despite the restricted use of antibiotics, resistant E. coli were detected on all of the pig farms examined. Some of these bacterial strains appear to be establishing themselves permanently in the stables. This highlights the importance of taking a holistic approach to tackling antibiotic resistance, one that goes beyond simply avoiding certain drugs. The study was recently published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology (see link below).
The FLI is also collaborating with international partners to develop monitoring methods for farm animals. Before new methods are introduced, they should be tested by practitioners to ensure their suitability for everyday use.
A recent joint study by the FLI and colleagues in Amsterdam and Giessen shows that Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS), which saves resources, can make an important contribution to AMR monitoring, especially when comprehensive controls are not possible. It provides producers and veterinarians with tools to help them make decisions about the targeted use of antibiotics.
However, a survey of those working in animal husbandry reveals reservations about state-mandated methods. There is concern that the data collected could result in additional restrictions, despite treatment options already being limited.
Funded by the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR), the study highlights the need for balanced dialogue, transparent processes, and interdisciplinary cooperation to combat AMR effectively.
